Autism spectrum disorders affect around 1 in 100 children worldwide. Their presentation and underlying causes are diverse: although numerous genetic risk factors are known, a clear genetic cause can only be identified in a proportion of affected individuals. There is growing evidence that non-genetic factors may also play a role, including maternal autoantibodies. During pregnancy, these antibodies can cross the placenta and reach the unborn child, where they may bind to structures in the developing brain and influence the development of the nervous system. However, it remains largely unclear which autoantibodies are relevant and how frequently they occur.

In this project, the scientists will examine blood samples from mothers of children with autism and from control participants for such autoantibodies. We aim to identify both known and previously unknown target structures and to characterize selected antibodies in greater detail. The goal is to determine their frequency, target structures, and molecular properties. In the long term, the findings could provide a basis for new biomarkers, earlier risk assessment, and future preventive approaches.