Elevated blood pressure is one of the most important modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Physical exercise is an effective strategy for lowering blood pressure, with isometric (static) resistance training showing particularly strong effects. To date, the impact of different exercise modalities has been investigated primarily using blood pressure measurements taken at the upper arm, while central blood pressure (measured at the aorta) has received little attention, despite being considered a more accurate marker of cardiovascular risk.

Our study is therefore the first to specifically examine the effects of a 12-week endurance training program and a 12-week isometric resistance training program on central blood pressure. In addition, we conduct comprehensive cardiovascular assessments to gain a better understanding of the underlying physiological adaptations. The findings will help refine exercise recommendations for blood pressure reduction and support more effective long-term cardiovascular risk reduction strategies.