In modern intensive care medicine, we have the ability to replace most organs at least temporarily and to remove various toxins and harmful substances from the bloodstream. These options range from dialysis in kidney failure to liver dialysis in liver failure, as well as the use of adsorption devices to eliminate substances such as cytokines, bilirubin, or myoglobin. To enable a more targeted use of these procedures in the future, the function of each device and the underlying disease must be understood in detail. The final and most important step is to demonstrate that an individual patient truly benefits from the intervention—for example, through improved survival, better recovery of organ function after critical illness, or enhanced quality of life. At the same time, it is essential to identify patients who cannot (or no longer) benefit from these therapies, ensuring that their use remains purposeful and appropriate. In the coming years, we will conduct clinical studies and translational research projects to investigate device characteristics in the intensive care setting, deepen our understanding of the relevant diseases, and demonstrate individualized benefit. In addition, we aim to develop algorithms to personalize treatment and identify subgroups of patients for whom these interventions are most promising.